NJSBA Family Law Section

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  • 1.  Equitable Distribution Question

    Posted 12-02-2018 03:43 PM
    Hi All -

    Basic fact pattern:  two men become a couple in 1989 and live together in a relationship tantamount to marriage until 2005, when they are legally allowed to marry (in Massachusetts, which they do).  The older spouse (employed during the relationship, retired in 2000) supports the younger spouse (disabled) all through the relationship, first with his income and then with his pension.  In 2014, they reaffirm their marriage vows.  Some things happen (which may or may not be relevant but I don't want to publish here) and in 2016 they separate.  At no time before getting married did they enter into a civil union.  The younger spouse, now a resident of NJ, wants to pursue a divorce and will be requesting alimony and equitable distribution.

    Question:  when a couple lives together for 16 years as if they were married but cannot legally marry until 2005, are the assets they accumulated before 2005 subject to ED? 

    Thank you for any guidance you can give.


    ------------------------------
    Elizabeth Vengen Esq.
    Oak Ridge NJ
    (908)310-7403
    ------------------------------


  • 2.  RE: Equitable Distribution Question

    Posted 12-02-2018 04:08 PM

    Elizabeth,

      Unfortunately, I think the legal answer is the same-no-whether a) they could not marry; or b) they could marry but chose not to.

      This is, of course, one of the reasons for marriage equality

    Regards,

    Ed

     

    * * *

    Edward J. Zohn, Attorney at Law

    Zohn & Zohn, LLP; 7 Mount Bethel Road, Warren NJ 07059

    908.791.0312 office; 908.428.7988 direct; 908.660.4866 fax

    "Leges sine moribus vanae" (Laws without morals are useless) - U. of Penna. Motto

    www.zohnlaw.com

     






  • 3.  RE: Equitable Distribution Question

    Posted 12-02-2018 05:21 PM

    Argue partnership theory. Your client expected to share what they accomplished together. Detrminetal reliance, verbal contract,  and everything other than palimony, is arguably  still open to be claimed, IMO





  • 4.  RE: Equitable Distribution Question

    Posted 12-02-2018 05:37 PM
    Various state courts have ruled that equitable distribution goes back to date same sex couple starting living together and functioning as a family unit.

    Since Obergefell held that state laws banning marriage equality were unconstitutional when passed, same sex couples shouldn't be prejudiced by unconstitutional marriage bans. S-s couples should be considered married based on facts.

    Courts have found same sex couples married if they lived in states with common law marriage at any time couple lived together. Social Security has consistent rulings.

    If one spouse can show that they got "legally" married as soon as it was available, courts can be convinced to see same sex couple married even earlier.

    Cases about heterosexual couples are distinguishable as they were not barred from getting legal recognition of their relationship if they so chose.

    This issue has come up in some of my cases, but they were settled.

    Bill Singer

    William S. Singer
    Singer & Fedun , LLC
    2230 Route 206
    P.O. Box 134
    Belle Mead, NJ 08502
    908-359-7873
    908-359-0128 ( fax)
    www.singerfedun.com
       





  • 5.  RE: Equitable Distribution Question

    Posted 12-02-2018 06:56 PM

    Edward,


    I disagree.  In fact, there are two MA cases that extend ED and alimony obligations to marriage-like relationships formed before Goodridge when parties married soon after marriage became available in MA.  While we do not have such a case yet here in NJ, I believe the MA court's reasoning is sound. 


    Elizabeth - email me at [email protected] and I will send you those cases. 


    Remember that all of the  states that provided marriage equality by judicial decision did so on grounds of the unconstitutionality of denial of marriage bans.  That means that same-sex couples could have and should have the right to marry not just when the case came down, but always - if a law is unconstitutional, it always was.  The denial of the right to marry should not have prevented rights and benefits accorded by statutes or common law from attaching if the parties lived lives tantamount to marriage. The state cannot take a right, let's say, of an equitable distribution claim, because it prevented parties who would have married from marrying. It is a matter of proofs.


    There is always, of course, all of the equitable remedies - constructive trusts, unjust enrichment, etc. that should be explored as well. Perhaps the parties formed a business-like relationship in respect to some assets that can be carried forward.


    Deb Guston



    Immediate Past President,
    Academy of Adoption & Assisted Reproduction Attorneys


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    =============================
    Debra E. Guston, Esq., C.A.E.
    Guston & Guston, L.L.P.
    55 Harristown Road, Suite 106
    Glen Rock NJ 07452
    (201) 447-6660
    Fax (201) 447-3831

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  • 6.  RE: Equitable Distribution Question

    Posted 12-02-2018 07:50 PM

    I totally agree with Deb.  Our case law is filled with decisions where our courts have used equitable remedies, such as imposition of a constructive trust, to avoid the unjust enrichment of one party to the other's detriment in situations where the equitable distribution statute did not technically apply.  As Justice Long noted in McGee v. McGee, 277 N.J. Super. 1, 12 (App. Div. 1994):

     

    "While technically the house was denuded of its value prior to the ceremonial marriage between the McGees, contrary to the judge's conclusions, this does not end the inquiry. It is the complete factual scenario surrounding the parties' lengthy relationship which should have been considered here and was not. The case can be viewed from the vantage point of the shared enterprise of marriage beginning before the ceremonial act, see Berrie v. Berrie, 252 N.J.Super. 635, 600 A.2d 512 (App.Div. 1991); Weiss v. Weiss, 226 N.J.Super. 281, 543 A.2d 1062 (App.Div.), certif. denied, 114 N.J. 287, 554 A.2d 844 (1988) or as one in which equitable remedies such as constructive trust, quasi contract or quantum meruit are invocable for equitable reasons. Carr v. Carr, 120 N.J. 336, 576 A.2d 872 (1990). It is clear to us that the trial judge considered none of this."

     

    More recently, See Thieme v. Aucoin-Thieme, 227 N.J. 269 (2016)(New Jersey Supreme Court utilizing equitable remedies so that Wife would share in a $2.25 million bonus that her former husband was awarded and received after the divorce was over, even though it was not technically subject to equitable distribution, on the basis that wife had a reasonable expectation she would share in the bonus by virtue of the personal and financial decisions they made during their relationship). 

     

     See also  Mitchell v. Oksienik, 380 N.J. Super. 119 (App. Div. 2005)(Appellate Division, in a dispute between two unmarried cohabitants who had lived together, stating, "Because the parties' relationship had dissolved, the Family Part of the Chancery Division, in response to a request for relief from either or both parties, justifiably applied its authority to order an equitable remedy, including a division of the assets of the joint enterprise, i.e., the net balance after satisfaction of existing debts and costs.") 

     

    Regarding alimony, again McGee v. McGee is your friend:

     

    "Here, Mrs. McGee lived with Dr. McGee long before the marriage and gave up her job, if not because Dr. McGee asked her to do so, at least because he was willing to support her. She became financially dependent on him as early as 1981. Mrs. McGee made many non-financial contributions to the relationship during which, while she labored at home, Dr. McGee doubled his income. While she is not disabled, she is at a distinct disadvantage as to employability, especially at a level which would allow her to replicate the lifestyle she and Dr. McGee shared on his $200,000 plus income along with the equity he bled out of her house. Indeed, it is not clear to us that she is capable of "rehabilitation" at all. In view of the trial judge's findings and the purpose of rehabilitative alimony, as well as the fact that the judge did not address the long period of cohabitation in his opinion, we remand the case to him for a full consideration of the issues of rehabilitative and permanent alimony upon application of the proper standard. A full explication of his reasoning should be set forth."  

     

    Good luck!

     

    _____________________________________

    Brian G. Paul, Esq.

    Certified Matrimonial Law Attorney

    Szaferman, Lakind, Blumstein & Blader, P.C.

    101 Grovers Mill Road

    Lawrenceville, New Jersey  08648

    Phone:  609-275-0400

    Direct Fax:  609-779-6065

    [email protected]

     

     

     






  • 7.  RE: Equitable Distribution Question

    Posted 12-02-2018 10:26 PM

    Deb and Brian,

      Thanks for your comments.

      I understand the equitable remedies that can be used in all divorce and marriage-like matters; but these remedies are not technically equitable distribution and I was only thinking of ED principles when I responded.

     I didn't know about those Massachusetts cases. However, I agree that until we get a similar ruling in NJ, we must argue the equitable principles and apply the Massachusetts' courts' reasoning to similar facts here.

      Deb, perhaps you could post the cases for everyone; I imagine that most NJ attorneys don't know the cases exist.

    Cheers,

    Ed

     

    * * *

    Edward J. Zohn, Attorney at Law

    Zohn & Zohn, LLP; 7 Mount Bethel Road, Warren NJ 07059

    908.791.0312 office; 908.428.7988 direct; 908.660.4866 fax

    "Leges sine moribus vanae" (Laws without morals are useless) - U. of Penna. Motto

    www.zohnlaw.com

     






  • 8.  RE: Equitable Distribution Question

    Posted 12-03-2018 06:53 AM
    I would also like to publicly thank Deb and Brian for their insight and information, which is extremely helpful for many of us addressing this issue.  

    All the best!

    Liz

    --
    ELIZABETH VENGEN

    Elizabeth Vengen, Esq., L.L.C.
    Tel. (908) 310-7403
    Fax (973) 697-1599


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  • 9.  RE: Equitable Distribution Question

    Posted 12-03-2018 09:42 AM
    I hope these cases can be posted to the group, they are the Massachusetts cases that dealt with the issue of tacking on pre-marital time in same-sex divorce cases I referenced yesterday. In case the can't stay as attachments, the cases are:

    Hickson v. Hickson, 2009 WL 3030373 (Mass.App.Ct.)
    Lindergan v. Carrillo, 74 Mass.App.Ct. 1126, 2009 WL 2163186 (Mass.App.Ct.)
    =============================
    Debra E. Guston, Esq., C.A.E.

    Guston & Guston, L.L.P.
    55 Harristown Road, Suite 106

    Glen Rock NJ 07452
    (201) 447-6660
    Fax (201) 447-3831
    www.gustonlaw.com

    Immediate Past President-Academy of 
    Adoption & Assisted Reproduction Attorneys



       
    Angel in Adoption Recipient 2017

      
                




    Attachment(s)

    pdf
    Hickson.pdf   16 KB 1 version
    pdf
    Londergan v Carrillo.pdf   15 KB 1 version


  • 10.  RE: Equitable Distribution Question

    Posted 12-03-2018 10:46 AM
    I was able to download and save them.

    Thanks so much Deb.

    Liz

    --
    ELIZABETH VENGEN

    Elizabeth Vengen, Esq., L.L.C.
    Tel. (908) 310-7403
    Fax (973) 697-1599


    ***IMPORTANT NOTICE***

    EMAIL ADDRESSED TO THIS ACCOUNT IS NOT RECEIVED OR REVIEWED IN "REAL TIME" AND MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON FOR URGENT OR TIME SENSITIVE MESSAGES. This e-mail, plus any attachment, is intended only for the exclusive use of the person to whom it is addressed. The information contained herein is confidential, privileged and exempt from disclosure under applicable law. If the reader of this e-mail is neither the intended recipient nor an agent responsible for delivering the message to the intended recipient, be advised that any use, copying, dissemination, or distribution hereof is strictly prohibited. If this communication was received in error, please immediately notify the sender by telephone or e-mail and delete all copies of this e-mail and any attachments.